Complete FAQ Guide to FBI Background Check Process: Identity History Summary, Apostille, and Fingerprinting

Navigating the FBI background check process can feel overwhelming, especially when you need results for international use or employment purposes. Whether you’re applying for a visa, seeking employment abroad, or need an apostilled document for legal purposes, understanding every aspect of the FBI background check process is crucial for success.

This detailed guide answers 40 of the most frequently asked questions about FBI background checks, covering everything from basic application procedures to complex international requirements. The FBI background check process involves multiple steps, specific documentation, and various timeline considerations that can significantly impact your plans if not properly understood.

Many people find the FBI background check process confusing without proper guidance, leading to delays, rejections, and unnecessary stress. This FAQ guide will help you avoid common pitfalls and ensure your application is processed smoothly and efficiently.

1. What exactly is an FBI background check?

An FBI background check, officially called an Identity History Summary or Rap Sheet, is a comprehensive criminal history report that searches federal databases for any criminal records associated with your identity. The federal background check provides more comprehensive results than state-level checks because it accesses nationwide databases maintained by the FBI.

This document contains information about arrests, prosecutions, and dispositions that have been reported to the FBI by law enforcement agencies across the United States. The FBI background check differs from other background checks because it specifically searches federal records and provides an official government document that’s widely accepted for international and employment purposes.

2. Who needs an FBI background check or FBI rap sheet?

Several situations require an FBI background check, including international visa applications, employment with government agencies, adoption processes, and professional licensing in certain fields. The FBI background check for employment is particularly common for positions requiring security clearances or working with vulnerable populations.

International applicants often need FBI background checks for immigration purposes, student visas, or work permits in foreign countries. Many countries specifically require FBI background checks rather than state-level checks because of their comprehensive nature and official federal authentication.

3. What’s the difference between an FBI criminal record check and a state criminal background check?

The primary difference lies in scope and authority. A federal background check searches nationwide databases maintained by the FBI, while state background checks only search records within that specific state’s jurisdiction. The federal background check process is standardized across all states, ensuring consistent results regardless of where you apply.

FBI background checks are generally more comprehensive because they include federal crimes, interstate crimes, and records that may not appear in state databases. For international use, most countries specifically require FBI background checks rather than state-level checks due to their broader scope and federal authentication.

4. How long is an FBI criminal background checks valid?

FBI background checks don’t have an official expiration date, but most organizations and countries that require them specify their own validity periods. Typically, FBI background checks are considered valid for 6 months to 1 year from the issue date, depending on the requesting organization’s requirements.

For international use, different countries have varying validity requirements. Some accept FBI background checks that are up to 6 months old, while others require documents issued within 90 days. It’s essential to check the specific requirements of your intended use before applying.

5. Can I get an FBI identity history check on myself?

Yes, you can absolutely request your own FBI background check through the Identity History Summary process. This is actually the most common way individuals obtain FBI background checks for personal use, employment, or international applications.

The process requires you to submit your own fingerprints, complete the appropriate forms, and pay the required fees. You cannot request someone else’s FBI background check without proper legal authorization, as this would violate federal privacy laws. 

6. What information appears on an FBI background check?

An FBI background check includes arrests, prosecutions, and dispositions reported to the FBI by law enforcement agencies. This may include felony and misdemeanor convictions, pending charges, and in some cases, arrests that didn’t result in convictions.

The report shows dates of arrests, charges filed, court dispositions, and sentencing information when available. However, the completeness of information depends on what local agencies have reported to the FBI, so some records may be incomplete or may have missing disposition information.

7. Will sealed or expunged records appear on this FBI criminal history report?

Depending on the jurisdiction and type of sealing, or expunged records may still appear on FBI background checks. Federal databases don’t automatically update when state courts seal or expunge records, so these records often remain visible on FBI reports.

If you have sealed or expunged records that appear on your FBI background check, you may need to provide additional documentation to requesting organizations explaining the legal status of these records. Some jurisdictions provide certificates of disposition that can help clarify the current legal status of old charges.

8. Can I dispute information on my FBI background check?

Yes, if you find incorrect information on your FBI background check, you can request corrections through the FBI’s Challenge process. This involves submitting documentation that proves the information is incorrect, such as court records showing different dispositions or proof of identity theft.

The Challenge process can take several weeks or months to complete, so it’s important to request your FBI background check well before you need it. This allows time to address any inaccuracies before submitting it to employers or government agencies.

9. What if my FBI record shows no record?

If your FBI background check shows “no record,” this means the FBI has no criminal history information associated with your submitted fingerprints and identifying information. This is the most favorable result and indicates no federal criminal records are associated with your identity.

A “no record” result is exactly what most people hope to receive and is perfectly acceptable for all purposes requiring FBI background checks. This result will be clearly stated on your Identity History Summary document.

10. How do I know if I need an FBI background check or a different type of background check?

The type of background check you need depends on the requesting organization’s specific requirements. For international use, immigration, or federal employment, an FBI background check is typically required. For local employment or state licensing, a state background check might be sufficient.

Always check with the requesting organization first to confirm their exact requirements. Some organizations accept either type, while others specifically require FBI background checks. Getting the wrong type of background check can cause significant delays in your application process.

11. What forms do I need to complete for an FBI background check?

The primary form required is the Identity History Summary Request (Form I-783), which must be completed accurately and legibly. This form collects your personal information, reason for the request, and contact details for receiving your results.

You’ll also need to complete fingerprint cards (Form FD-258) or submit electronic fingerprints through an authorized provider. All forms must be completed in black ink, and any errors or illegible information can result in processing delays or rejections.

12. What personal information is required on the application?

The FBI background check requirements include your full legal name, date of birth, place of birth, Social Security number, and current address. You must also provide all previous names you’ve used, including maiden names, aliases, or legal name changes.

The application requires information about your reason for requesting the background check and where the results should be sent. All information must match exactly with your identification documents and fingerprint submissions to avoid processing delays.

13. What identification documents do I need to provide?

You’ll need to provide a copy of a valid government-issued photo identification, such as a driver’s license, passport, or state ID card. The identification must be current and clearly show your photo, name, and date of birth.

If your current legal name differs from the name on your identification, you’ll need to provide documentation of the name change, such as a marriage certificate, divorce decree, or court order. This ensures your background check results will be issued under the correct name.

14. Do I need to provide my Social Security number?

Yes, providing your Social Security number is required for FBI background check processing. The Social Security number helps the FBI accurately identify your records and distinguish you from individuals with similar names or birthdates.

If you don’t have a Social Security number (for example, if you’re not a U.S. citizen), you should indicate this on your application. The FBI can still process your request, but it may take longer and require additional identifying information.

15. What if I’ve lived in multiple states or countries?

You should list all addresses where you’ve lived on your application, including international addresses. This information helps the FBI conduct a more thorough search and ensures all relevant records are included in your background check.

For international addresses, provide as much detail as possible, including the country and approximate dates of residence. This information is particularly important if you’ve been arrested or had legal issues in multiple jurisdictions.

16. Can I submit my application online?

Yes. The FBI allows you to apply online through its official edo.cjis.gov portal, which lets you complete the application, pay electronically, and receive your results in as little as 3–5 business days. If you already have digital fingerprints, you can upload them directly; if not, you’ll need to mail in a printed FD-258/FD-1164 fingerprint card after completing your online request. You can also choose the traditional mail-in method or go through an FBI-approved channeler or authorised services like Globeia. While channelers often charge higher fees, they usually provide faster results and more payment options.

17. What payment methods are accepted?

If you apply online through the FBI’s eDO system, you can pay securely with a credit card. For mail-in applications, however, the FBI only accepts money orders, certified checks, or cashier’s checks, all made payable to the “Treasury of the United States.” Personal checks and cash are not accepted, and the standard fee is $18 per request. If you use an FBI channeler or services, payment methods may be more flexible and typically include credit cards or electronic payments, but costs are usually higher due to expedited processing.

18. What happens if my application is incomplete?

Incomplete applications are typically returned without processing, which can significantly delay your timeline. Common reasons for rejection include illegible fingerprints, missing signatures, incorrect payment amounts, or missing required documentation.

When an application is rejected, you’ll need to correct the issues and resubmit everything, including new fingerprints and payment. This is why it’s crucial to double-check all FBI background check requirements before submitting your application.

19. Can someone else submit my application for me?

While someone else can physically mail your application, you must personally complete all forms and provide your own fingerprints. The application must be signed by you, and any falsification of information is a federal crime.

If you’re unable to submit your application due to physical limitations or other circumstances, you may need to work with an authorized representative like Globeia, but this requires additional documentation and approval.

20. How should I package my mailing application?

Your application should be sent in a sturdy envelope with adequate postage to the FBI’s Criminal Justice Information Services Division. Include all required documents, payment, and fingerprint cards in a single package to avoid processing delays.

Consider using certified mail or a tracking service to confirm delivery, especially if you’re working with tight deadlines. Keep copies of all documents for your records, as the FBI does not return original submissions.

21. Where can I get fingerprints taken for an FBI background check?

FBI fingerprinting can be completed at local law enforcement agencies, authorized fingerprinting services, or FBI-approved channelers. Many police departments offer fingerprinting services for a small fee.

Electronic FBI fingerprinting is generally preferred over ink card submissions because it produces clearer, more accurate prints that are less likely to be rejected. Livescan fingerprinting services are available at many locations and can submit your prints electronically for faster processing.

22. What’s the difference between electronic and ink card fingerprinting?

Electronic fingerprinting (Livescan) captures your fingerprints digitally and can transmit them directly to the FBI, while ink card fingerprinting involves pressing your fingers onto an ink pad and then onto paper cards. Electronic fingerprinting typically produces higher-quality results with fewer rejections.

Proper FBI fingerprinting ensures your application won’t be rejected for quality issues. Electronic systems can immediately detect poor quality prints and allow for retakes, while ink cards may not reveal quality issues until they’re processed by the FBI.

23. How much does fingerprinting cost?

Fingerprinting costs vary by location and method. Local law enforcement agencies typically charge $10-$25 for ink card fingerprinting, while private fingerprinting services may charge $25-$50. Electronic fingerprinting through authorized channels can cost $50-$100 or more.

The fingerprinting fee is separate from the FBI processing fee, so you’ll need to budget for both costs. Some locations offer package deals that include both fingerprinting and application submission services.

24. What happens if my fingerprints are rejected?

If your fingerprints are rejected due to poor quality, you’ll need to be re-fingerprinted and resubmit your application. Rejections can happen because of smudges, dry or scarred skin, worn ridges, or errors in the process. While this can occur with both ink and digital methods, live scan usually improves accuracy.

If prints are rejected twice for quality issues, an authorized agency, not the applicant, may request a Name Check using personal details instead of fingerprints. This must be done within a set timeframe after the second rejection. The FBI does not offer Name Checks directly to individuals. In rare situations where fingerprints cannot be captured at all, a rejection letter may be issued, though it is not the same as an official background check.

25. Can I use fingerprints taken for another purpose?

Fingerprints taken for other purposes (such as employment or licensing) cannot be used for FBI background checks. Each background check request requires fresh fingerprints taken specifically for that purpose, using the correct FBI forms and procedures.

This requirement ensures the integrity of the background check process and prevents the use of potentially compromised or outdated fingerprint records. You’ll need to schedule new fingerprinting for each FBI background check request.

26. How long does the standard FBI background check process take?

The processing time for an FBI background check depends on how the application is submitted. If your fingerprints and application are submitted electronically through the FBI’s eDO system, results are often available within 48 hours once the FBI has received and verified your complete submission. However, in some cases, processing may take up to 15 business days or longer, especially during periods of high demand. 

For applications submitted by mail, the process typically takes up to 60 days, not including mailing time to and from the FBI. It’s important to plan and allow extra time for delivery, possible delays, and the risk of fingerprint rejections that may require resubmission.

27. What factors can affect processing time?

Several factors can impact processing time, including the completeness and quality of your application, current FBI workload, and whether additional research is needed for your records. Applications with poor-quality fingerprints or missing information will take longer to process.

Peak periods, such as the beginning of school years or hiring seasons, can also extend processing times. If you have a complex criminal history or a common name, additional research may be required, which can add several days to the process.

28. Is expedited processing available?

The FBI does not provide expedited processing for standard Identity History Summary requests. However, FBI-approved channelers and trusted professional services like Globeia can help you obtain results much faster, often within 48 hours, for an additional fee. While these services cost more than submitting directly to the FBI, they are an excellent option for applicants with urgent deadlines. 

Globeia has years of experience and specialized expertise in expediting FBI background checks, ensuring your application is handled accurately and that you receive your results as quickly and securely as possible.

29. How can I check the status of my FBI background check?

Unfortunately, the FBI does not provide a status tracking system for individual Identity History Summary requests. Once you submit your application, you’ll need to wait for the results to arrive by mail or email, depending on your submission method.

Checking your FBI background check status is only possible through a professional service like Globeia, who offer online tracking systems. If you submitted directly to the FBI, your only option is to wait for the processing timeline to complete.

30. What should I do if my background check is taking longer than expected?

If your background check exceeds the typical processing timeframe, first verify that your application was received by checking your mail tracking information. If the FBI received your application more than two weeks ago without a response, you can contact their customer service line for assistance.

Keep in mind that the FBI receives thousands of requests daily, and processing times can vary. Avoid submitting duplicate applications, as this can actually slow down the process and create confusion in their system.

31. What is the current cost of an FBI background check?

Current FBI background check fees start at $18 for standard processing when submitting directly to the FBI. This fee covers the cost of searching federal databases and preparing your Identity History Summary document.

Understanding FBI background check fees helps you budget for the complete process, especially if you need additional services like apostille authentication or expedited processing through channelers.

32. Are there additional fees I should expect?

Beyond the standard FBI fee, you may also incur additional costs for fingerprinting, postage, and apostille services if your background check is intended for international use. If you choose to use a professional FBI check service for faster processing, expect to pay additional service fees. 

For international applications, apostille certification is handled through the U.S. Department of State, and you may face extra charges if you request expedited apostille processing.

33. Do fees vary by state or location?

The FBI processing fee is the same regardless of where you submit your application - $18 for all standard Identity History Summary requests. However, fingerprinting costs and channeler fees can vary significantly by location and service provider.

Urban areas typically have more fingerprinting options and competitive pricing, while rural areas may have limited options and higher costs. Research local options to find the best combination of cost and convenience for your needs.

34. What happens if I send the wrong payment amount?

If you send the wrong payment, your application will not be processed. The FBI requires the exact fee amount, and only certain payment methods are accepted (certified check, money order, or the official credit card form). Cash, personal checks, or business checks are not accepted and will not be returned. 

To avoid delays, always confirm the current fee on the FBI’s website and submit the exact amount in an approved form.

35. What is an FBI apostille, and when do I need one?

An apostille is an official certification that authenticates the origin of a public document for international use. You need an apostille for your FBI background check when submitting it to countries that are members of the Hague Apostille Convention.

The apostille process for FBI background checks involves additional steps and fees beyond the basic background check. Most countries require apostilled FBI background checks for visa applications, work permits, or residency applications.

36. How do I get an apostille for my FBI background check?

FBI background checks must be apostilled by the U.S. Department of State since they are federal documents. You cannot get an apostille from state offices for FBI documents - this is a common mistake that causes significant delays.

The process involves mailing your original FBI background check to the U.S. Department of State Authentication Office along with the appropriate forms and fees. The FBI background check apostille processing time can extend your overall timeline significantly.

37. How long does the Federal background check apostille process take?

When planning your FBI background check and apostille, it’s important to account for processing times to avoid delays. Standard apostille processing through the U.S. Department of State typically takes 4–6 weeks from the time your documents are received. Expedited apostille processing is available with third-party FBI apostille services like Globeia for an additional fee and usually takes 2–3 weeks. 

If you are submitting your request by mail, plan for 5+ weeks; dropping off and picking up documents in person typically takes 2–3 weeks; and making an appointment for in-person service can reduce processing time to under 2 weeks. When combining the FBI background check with apostille authentication for international applications, you should plan for a total processing time of at least 2–3 months to ensure everything is completed on time.

38. What are the costs associated with getting an apostille FBI checks?

The U.S. Department of State charges $20 per document for apostille services. If submitting by mail, payment must be made by check or money order payable to the U.S. Department of State, including the customer’s name and address. If requesting services in person, you may pay by credit or debit card, or exact cash, as change cannot be provided. Under federal law, apostille fees are non-refundable.

Many people use authorized third-party services to handle submission and pickup. These services can save time and travel costs, offering convenience by managing documents between offices, but they may charge an additional service fee.

39. Can I get an apostille from my state’s Secretary of State office?

Generally, FBI background checks must be apostilled by the U.S. Department of State, since they are federal documents. Most states can only apostille their own documents, like birth certificates or state background checks. In rare cases, a state may issue an apostille on a notarized copy of your FBI check (state apostille), while a federal apostille is issued on the original. 

Acceptance of a state apostille depends on the destination country. Services like Globeia can help notarize and process state apostilles to ensure your document is valid for international use.

40. What tools or services can I use to get my FBI background check and apostille faster?

To speed up the FBI background check and apostille process, planning and choosing the right service is key. Third-party providers, like Globeia, specialize in handling both steps in a single streamlined process. They help you complete the FBI application, schedule electronic fingerprints, and submit documents for apostille without needing to visit multiple offices. These services save time, reduce travel, and ensure forms are filled correctly to prevent delays. By using Gloebia’s FBI Check and Apostille Services, you can manage your entire background check and apostille workflow efficiently, directly from your home or office.

Successfully navigating the FBI background check and apostille process requires careful planning, attention to detail, and realistic timeline expectations. Whether you need a standard FBI background check for employment or a fully apostilled document for international use, understanding each step of the process helps ensure smooth processing without costly delays.

Key factors for success include submitting complete and accurate applications, obtaining high-quality fingerprints, allowing adequate processing time, and following the correct authentication procedures for international use. Each step has its own timeline and requirements.

For standard domestic use, start the process at least 4 weeks before you need your results. For international applications requiring an apostille, begin 2–3 months in advance to account for all processing steps and potential delays. For faster processing, you can hire professional, authorized services that are highly rated, such as Globeia, which can handle both the FBI background check and the FBI apostille efficiently.

By following this guide, you’ll be well-prepared to successfully obtain your FBI background check and any additional authentication required for your specific need.